An unnamed retired civil servant monologues from his "underground" existence, revealing his contradictory thoughts. He struggles between rationality and emotion, emphasizing the irony of human existence. He argues that civilization and reason do not liberate people but rather oppress them. He exhibits a duality, both relishing and despising his own irrationality and suffering. He asserts that humans prioritize freedom over self-interest and follow instinct rather than moral ideals. Filled with contempt for both society and himself, he consciously chooses isolation. However, he continues to search for meaning in his existence, referring to himself as a "sick man."
