This book aims to explore and explain the causes of today’s severe economic and inequality problems?both in Korea and globally?by examining the relationship between capital and the state through the lens of Marx’s ideas. Most existing books on Marx or on the concept of the state are written by experts in political economy, making them heavily theoretical and difficult for general readers to understand. In contrast, this book investigates Marx’s critique of capitalism and the question of what the state is, using historical facts and a variety of real-world political, economic, and social examples. I hope that reading this book offers an opportunity to think about what is needed to build a more democratic society.