Selections from Previous Works Part 2

This part begins with key extracts from Life and Habit. It examines habits, instincts, consciousness, and identity through an evolutionary lens. Butler’s idea of instinct as “inherited memory” stands out as highly original and controversial. The following selections from Evolution, Old and New critique Paley’s theological teleology and highlight the shortcomings of early evolutionists. Butler’s intention to philosophically and critically reframe biology becomes clear.