Tolstoy argues that meaningful social change requires individuals to redefine the purpose of their lives and seek an inner answer to the question “How should one live?” He insists that true morality arises not from external rules but from conscience and that a person’s duty is to make life beneficial to others. He concludes that abandoning material excess reveals freedom and meaning, challenging the structures that uphold inequality. Centering on love, labor, and self-restraint, he proposes a new direction for living and insists that personal transformation can drive societal transformation. Ultimately, he maintains that belief without action is empty and that truth is reached only through a life consciously practiced.
